Normal Tongue
Pink with a thin white coating: Indicates good health.
Abnormal Tongue Colors
Red:
-Bright red may indicate a deficiency in vitamins such as B12, folic acid, or iron.
A strawberry red tongue can be a sign of Kawasaki disease or scarlet fever.
White:
-A white coating may suggest dehydration or oral thrush (a fungal infection).
White patches that are lacy or spider-web-like can indicate lichen planus or leukoplakia, which can be a precursor to cancer.
Yellow:
Often due to poor oral hygiene, smoking, or a bacterial or fungal infection.
Can also be a sign of jaundice or liver issues.
Black:
A black, hairy tongue can result from bacterial overgrowth, smoking, or poor oral hygiene.
It can also be due to certain medications or excessive use of mouthwashes containing oxidizing agents.
Blue or Purple:
Can indicate a lack of oxygen in the blood, often related to respiratory or circulatory issues.
It can also suggest a condition known as cyanosis.
Pale or Light:
May indicate anemia or a lack of hemoglobin.
Texture and Other Signs
Smooth Tongue:
A smooth tongue can be a sign of a nutritional deficiency, especially B vitamins or iron.
Bumpy or Lumpy:
Could indicate canker sores, oral cancer, or other underlying conditions.
Fissured Tongue:
Cracks or fissures can be normal but may also be associated with conditions like psoriasis or Sjögren’s syndrome.
If you notice any persistent changes in the color, texture, or appearance of your tongue, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.